Glaucoma is divided into two groups

Glaucoma is described as progressive optic atrophy leading to gradual loss of vision due to multiple factors. Intra Ocular pressure (IOP) is one of the factors that affect the functioning of optic nerve.

1. Congenital Glaucoma:- This is seen in newborn infants. It is due to developmental defect of draining channels and the front portion of the eye ball.
2.  Acquired Glaucoma: Again it can be classified as:
   
   1. Primary Glaucoma:- Which occurs without any underlying cause. It is due to the age and changes in anatomical configuration.
   2. Secondary Glaucoma:- is due to the underlying causes like injury, inflammation, diabetes etc.

1. Squint is the condition where, a deviation of the eye from its original axis while fixing the focus on given object, is observed
2. It can affect one or both the eyes.
3. It is very important to observe this condition in the new born infants, preschool children and school going children.
4. Though Squint is a disorder of ocular muscle balance, it can also occur by various other reasons e.g. low vision in one eye, trauma – etc.
5. If squint is not treated in time before the age of 8 Years, in a child especially when there is unilateral squint, blunting of vision occurs permanently. This is called as Amblyopia.

Diabetic Retinopathy is a disorder of the retina which affects most of the people with Diabetes Mellitus leading to visual disturbance, at times total blindness. Diabetic Mellitus is a condition where the blood sugar levels are above the normal range due to absence or deficiency of insulin in our body. There are two types of Diabetes
1. IDDM (Insulin Dependent Diabetic Mellitus)
2. NIDDM (Non-insulin Dependent Diabetic Mellitus)

1. It is a retinal disorder affecting central area of the retina in aged people. {60-70 Years}
2. It leads to distortion of vision, loss of central vision{central scotoma}
3. After cataract surgery, if vision is not improving even with change of spectacles, ARMD has to be ruled out

Why it occurs?
1. Weakening of the central retinal cells
2. Reduction in the blood supply
3. Retinal cell damage by free oxygen radicals
4. For a 60 years old person, retina behaves like a 90 year old.

Eye care in children begins at the time of birth.

This will enable us to detect any congenital defect which if not taken care of, will lead to vision problems in future. Early intervention is the key for success in pediatric eye disorders. Education to parents will play a major role. We at Bansal Eye Hospital, emphasize on preschool eye checkup for all children. This helps in detecting the eye problems at an early stage. If the problem is not solved at this stage, it will have implications on academics too.

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